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对外贸易一方面通过增加机会成本对中国劳动者人力资本投资决策造成冲击进而降低投资水平,另一方面又通过提高接受教育的预期收益促进人力资本投资。文章利用三期中国居民收入调查(CHIP)数据,采用OLS回归和倾向性评分匹配方法实证研究了对外贸易对中国人力资本投资的影响。研究发现,对外贸易显著降低了劳动者人力资本投资水平,同时发现这种影响具有异质性。从对不同学历教育投资的影响上看,对外贸易对劳动者高中入学决策造成了冲击,这不利于劳动者获取高中及以上学历教育。从对不同职业技能劳动者人力资本投资的影响上看,对外贸易对劳动者人力资本投资的负面影响主要集中于低技能劳动者,对高技能劳动者获取人力资本投资则有显著的正面影响。
Foreign trade, on the one hand, reduces the investment level by increasing the opportunity cost to Chinese laborer human capital investment decision-making, on the other hand, it promotes the human capital investment by increasing the expected benefits of education. Based on the CHIP data, the article empirically studies the impact of foreign trade on China’s human capital investment using OLS regression and propensity score matching method. The study found that foreign trade significantly reduced the level of labor investment in human capital, and found that the impact of this heterogeneity. From the perspective of the impact on the investment of different academic qualifications, foreign trade has had an impact on the decision-making of laborers’ high school enrollment, which is not conducive to the workers obtaining education of senior secondary education or above. From the perspective of the influence on the human capital investment of different skilled workers, the negative impact of foreign trade on the labor force’s human capital investment mainly concentrates on the low-skilled workers and has a significant positive impact on the acquisition of human capital investment by skilled workers.