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了解八钢历年尘肺的发病、分布及并发肺结核等流行病学特点,为制定今后尘肺防治对策提供科学依据。采用回顾性研究方法,对八钢1956~2006年确诊的尘肺病例的发病情况进行分析。结果显示,八钢尘肺累计病例405例,主要工种分布依次为原料工、煤矿混合工、采矿工、炼焦工、烧成工、装卸工,占八钢尘肺病例的76.8%;尘肺种类以矽肺和煤工尘肺为主,共387例(占95.6%);尘肺Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期占八钢尘肺病例的94.1%,Ⅲ期尘肺仅占不足6%;尘肺肺结核的并发率为25.7%,其中矽肺肺结核的并发率最高(26.6%);八钢尘肺病例累计死亡148例,病死率为36.5%;尘肺的平均发病年龄为55.9岁,平均发病工龄为19.8 a,平均死亡年龄为66.3岁,平均死亡病程为13.0 a;1970年以前与2000年以后相比,尘肺平均发病工龄由12.2 a延长到21.8 a,平均发病年龄由39.4岁推迟到65.7岁;尘肺的主要死因依次为慢性呼吸衰竭、慢性肺心病。提示,八钢的尘肺防治工作取得了一定成效。
To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Baoshan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. and to provide a scientific basis for the development of future prevention and control measures for pneumoconiosis. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the incidence of pneumoconiosis diagnosed in Bayi Steel from 1956 to 2006. The results showed that there were 405 cases of pneumoconiosis in Ba Steel and the main types of work were as follows: raw material workers, coal mine mix workers, mining workers, coking workers, burned workers and loading and unloading workers, accounting for 76.8% of the pneumoconiosis patients; Coal pneumoconiosis was the most common, with a total of 387 cases (95.6%); pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ accounted for 94.1% of the eight steel pneumoconiosis cases, pneumoconiosis accounted for only less than 6%; pneumoconiosis concurrent rate was 25.7% Tuberculosis cases had the highest incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (26.6%). Eighty-eight pneumoconiosis patients died in 148 cases with a mortality rate of 36.5%. The average age of onset of pneumoconiosis was 55.9 years, the average length of service was 19.8 years, and the average age of death was 66.3 years The average duration of pneumoconiosis was extended from 12.2 a to 21.8 a before 1970. The average age of onset of pneumoconiosis was delayed from 39.4 to 65.7 years. The main causes of pneumoconiosis were chronic respiratory failure, chronic lung disease Heart disease. Tip, eight steel pneumoconiosis prevention and control work has achieved some success.