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小学语文第十册第17课选了龚自珍的《杂诗》。诗的头两句;“九州生气恃风雷,万马齐喑究可哀”。一些老师备课时说它使用了暗喻的修辞手法。原来参考书(《小学语文课本·古典诗歌解说》,广东人民出版社,杨光治著)是这样讲的。书中说:诗的第一、二句用比喻(暗喻)手法来写,不大容易理解,我们要好好领会。这两句是比喻。但是不是暗喻? 作者以为“风雷”、“万马齐喑”实际是比作“变革”、“社会局面”,但诗表面没直接明说,所以是暗喻。其实这是从表面感官得出的结果,从修辞理论上看,暗喻却不是这样的。
Tenth Primary School Chinese tenth volume selected Gong Zizhen “Miscellaneous Poems.” The poem's first two sentences; “Kyushu angry wind and thunder, million Ma Qi study sad.” Some teachers said in lesson preparation that they used metaphorical rhetoric. The original reference book (“primary school Chinese textbooks classical poetry commentary”, Guangdong People's Publishing House, Yang Guangzhi) is the case. The book said: the first poem, the second sentence with metaphor (metaphor) approach to write, not easy to understand, we have to understand. These two are metaphors. However, it is not a metaphor? The author thinks that “Wind and Thunder” and “Wan Ma Qi Yi” are actually compared to “change” and “social situation”. However, the surface of poetry is not directly stated, so it is a metaphor. In fact, this is the result of the surface senses, from the rhetorical theory, metaphor is not so.