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目的了解甘肃省市售蔬菜中镉污染状况,为食品安全风险评估提供科学依据。方法 2011—2014年共采集样品1 152份,按采样地区、年度和样品种类分别统计分析;按照《食品中镉的测定(石墨炉原子吸收光谱法)》GB/T5009.15-2003测定镉含量。结果各地区蔬菜样品中均检出了镉,且有不同程度的超标,2011年镉含量平均值最高(0.070 mg/kg),2014年较低(0.010 mg/kg);P95值2011年偏高值较高(0.380 mg/kg),2014年较低(0.056 mg/kg);检出率2013年较高(99.7%),2011年较低(50.2%);超标率2011年较高(9.3%),2014年较低(1.0%);所检样品镉含量均不服从正态分布,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=79.135,df=3,P<0.05);各类蔬菜样品中也都检出了镉,但只有菌类和果实类蔬菜中的镉含量超过了国家标准,与镉在植物中富集规律一致;不同品种蔬菜中镉的含量都不服从正态分布,对其含量的比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=278.807,df=5,P<0.05)。结论甘肃省市售蔬菜中镉污染较轻,但甘肃省作为高原夏菜的主要产地之一,应加强监管力度。
Objective To understand the status of cadmium pollution in vegetables sold in Gansu Province and provide a scientific basis for food safety risk assessment. Methods A total of 1 152 samples were collected from 2011 to 2014. The data were analyzed by sampling area, year and sample type respectively. The content of cadmium was determined according to “Determination of cadmium in food (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry)” GB / T5009.15-2003 . Results Cadmium was detected in all samples of vegetables in different regions with the highest level of cadmium content (0.070 mg / kg) in 2011 and lower (0.010 mg / kg) in 2011; P95 was high in 2011 (0.380 mg / kg) and lower in 2014 (0.056 mg / kg); detection rate was higher in 2013 (99.7%) and lower in 2011 (50.2%); %) And lower (1.0%) in 2014. The content of cadmium in the samples did not obey the normal distribution, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 79.135, df = 3, P <0.05) But also detected cadmium, but only the fungi and fruits of vegetables in the cadmium content exceeds the national standard, and cadmium enrichment in plants consistent; different varieties of vegetables in the normal content of cadmium do not obey its The difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 278.807, df = 5, P <0.05). Conclusion The pollution of cadmium in vegetables sold in Gansu Province is light, but Gansu Province, as one of the main producing areas of plateau summer vegetables, should strengthen supervision.