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为了研究气体的内能与体积的关系,焦尔在1845年作了一个气体自由膨胀的实验,企图观测气体在自由膨胀后温度的变化,结果,没有观测到温度的变化。七年以后,焦尔和汤姆逊在节流实验中观察到了温度的变化。为什么在焦汤实验中能观察到温度的变化而在焦尔实验中却观察不到温度的变化呢?下面我们来分析这个问题。焦尔实验的装置是这样的:将空气装入铜制的容器中,容积为2.36升,压强为22大气压,通过带有阀门的管子,把它和另一个容积相同的真气容器相连通,整个容器放在量热器的水中。在打开阀门而使气体膨胀以后,观察水温的变化。虽然实验所用的温度计准确到
In order to study the relationship between the internal energy and the volume of gas, Jauer made a free gas expansion experiment in 1845 in an attempt to observe the temperature change of the gas after free expansion. As a result, no change in temperature was observed. Seven years later, Joule and Thomson observed changes in temperature during throttling experiments. Why did we observe the temperature change in Jiao Tang experiment but not the temperature change in Joule experiment? Let’s analyze this problem. The Joule experiment was performed by loading air into a copper vessel of 2.36 liters capacity and a pressure of 22 atmospheres and communicating it with another infuriating vessel of the same volume through a valve with a valve, Place the entire container in the calorimeter water. After opening the valve to expand the gas, observe the change in water temperature. Although the experiment used the thermometer accurate