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目的了解腹泻病调查病例的临床特征及治疗情况。方法以整群随机抽样方法抽取2万余名居民进行腹泻病疾病负担调查,对发现的腹泻病例进行基本情况、症状体征以及诊疗等相关情况调查。结果常见的症状体征有腹痛(占55.43%)、腹胀(29.19%)、食欲不振(19.46%)及里急后重(13.57%)。农村病例全身症状及脱水症状发生率均较城区病例高。0~14岁的儿童的呕吐、发热、精神差及尿少等症状体征的发生率较高。病例以排稀便(56.11%)、水样便(51.58%)为主。冬季排水样便的病例比例稍高于夏季。至调查之日止,痊愈及好转的病例占87.1%。到医院/诊所治疗的病例占22.85%。采取过自行治疗的病例占60.18%,其中61.28%使用了抗生素,最常用的药物为土霉素、诺氟沙星及泻利停。结论腹泻病症状普遍较轻,但临床表现多样,致病原因复杂,在治疗上应注意合理用药的问题。
Objective To understand the clinical features and treatment of diarrhea cases. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the burden of diarrheal disease on more than 20,000 residents. The diarrhea cases were investigated for the basic conditions, symptoms and signs and diagnosis and treatment. Results Common symptoms and signs were abdominal pain (55.43%), abdominal distension (29.19%), loss of appetite (19.46%) and tenesmus (13.57%). The incidence of systemic symptoms and dehydration symptoms in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. 0 to 14-year-old children vomiting, fever, mental retardation and oliguria and other symptoms and signs of the higher incidence. Cases were discharged loose stools (56.11%), watery stools (51.58%) based. The proportion of cases of drainage in winter is slightly higher than in summer. As of the survey date, 87.1% of the patients recovered and improved. 22.85% of the cases go to the hospital / clinic. Take self-treatment of cases accounted for 60.18%, of which 61.28% used antibiotics, the most commonly used drugs for oxytetracycline, norfloxacin and diarrhea stopped. Conclusions The symptoms of diarrhea are generally mild, but the clinical manifestations are diverse and the causes of the disease are complicated. Attention should be paid to the rational use of drugs in the treatment.