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在中国历史上,庄子第一个揭露了“人为物役”的异化现象,认为世人追逐物质利益和权贵礼法是“危身弃生以殉物”,是人生的一大悲剧。因此,庄子强烈地反对物质利欲、权贵礼法对人身心自由的束缚,提出“不为物役”的主张,要求人们“不以物害己”、“不以物挫志”。庄子自身“处穷陋巷,困窘织履,槁项黄馘”,但却不为富贵所动,而是视功名利禄如粪土,“笑辞千金之重利、卿相之尊位,宁游戏于污渎之中以自快,无为
In Chinese history, Zhuangzi first uncovered the alienation of “man-made materialism.” It is a tragedy in life that the world is chasing material interests and dignitaries and etiquette. Therefore, Zhuang Tzu strongly opposed the material desires, dignitaries and etiquette on the freedom of the human body and the fetter, put forward the “not for the materialism” claim, asking people to “not to harm their own things,” “not frustrated.” Chuang Tzu’s own “poor alley, embarrassed weaving, 槁 Xiang Huangpi”, but not for the rich and the move, but as fame and fortune as dirt, "laughter daughter of the heavyweights, the relatives of the Qing phase, Ning game in the dirty Dudu to self-improvement, inaction