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目的了解海口市青少年抑郁症状与家庭亲密度和适应性的关系,为制定青少年抑郁干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取海口市城乡地区4 995名学生,采用儿童抑郁量表(CDI)及家庭亲密度和适应性量表(FACESⅡ)进行调查。结果有抑郁症状学生的家庭亲密度、家庭适应性得分(60.64±10.30,39.69±8.70)均低于无抑郁症状的学生(69.40±10.84,45.70±8.99),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为27.449,22.276,P值均<0.05)。有抑郁症状的学生家庭类型为极端型的比例(35.7%)高于无抑郁症状的学生(27.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=34.475,P<0.05)。家庭亲密度与适应性分别与学生负面情绪(r=-0.49,-0.42)、自我效能低下(r=-0.53,-0.49)、人际问题(r=-0.42,-0.38)、缺乏快感与兴趣(r=-0.60,-0.59)及抑郁总分(r=-0.46,-0.41)均呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论家庭亲密度和适应性与青少年抑郁问题密切相关,特别是极端型家庭的青少年更易产生抑郁。保持家庭环境良好和谐可以促进青少年心理健康发展。
Objective To understand the relationship between depressive symptoms and family cohesion and adaptability in adolescents in Haikou, and to provide a scientific basis for making interventions for adolescents with depression. Methods A total of 4 995 students in urban and rural areas of Haikou City were drawn by stratified cluster sampling method. The children’s depression scale (CDI), family intimacy and fitness index (FACESⅡ) were used to investigate. Results The family intimacy, family fitness scores (60.64 ± 10.30,39.69 ± 8.70) were lower than those without depressive symptoms (69.40 ± 10.84,45.70 ± 8.99), the differences were statistically significant (t value Respectively 27.449,22.276, P <0.05). There was a significant difference in the family type of depression among students with depression (35.7%) and those without depression (27.1%) (χ ~ 2 = 34.475, P <0.05). Family intimacy and adaptability were negatively correlated with negative emotion (r = -0.49, -0.42), self-efficacy (r = -0.53, -0.49), interpersonal problems (r = -0.42, -0.38) (r = -0.60, -0.59) and total depression score (r = -0.46, -0.41) (P <0.05). Conclusion Family cohesion and adaptability are closely related to depression in adolescents. Especially teenagers in extreme families are more likely to develop depression. Maintaining good harmony in the family environment can promote the mental health of adolescents.