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建立和健全经营者的激励和约束机制,是建立现代企业制度的核心内容,也是当前我国国有企业改革攻坚的重要突破口。按照现代经济词典的解释,经营者是指能抓住机会引进一种新产品、一种新的生产方式或一种改进了组织机构的企业经济运作者。他能筹集必需的资金,调集各种生产要素,并组织管理机构。经营者可以是也可以不是资本所有者。所谓激励和约束,它是指运用政策、市场力量、产权力量、企业机制等因素去影响和制约经营者的行为和业绩。一般来说,宏观层次上的经营者的行为和业绩,取决于以下几组关系: 第一,经营者的行为与业绩怎样,与收益多少相关,而收益在很大程度上取决于经营者与企业收益的产权关系。所以经营者是否尽职尽责,取决于他们与企业收益的产权关系。第二,经营者的行为与业绩怎样,还与存在着的交换关系及制度相关。所
Establishing and improving the incentive and restraint mechanisms of managers is the core of the establishment of a modern enterprise system, and is also an important breakthrough in the current state-owned enterprise reform in China. According to the interpretation of modern economic dictionaries, operators are those who can seize the opportunity to introduce a new product, a new production method, or an enterprise economic operator who has improved its organizational structure. He can raise the necessary funds, mobilize various production factors, and organize management organizations. Operators may or may not be capital owners. The so-called incentives and constraints, it refers to the use of policies, market forces, property rights, business mechanisms and other factors to influence and restrict the behavior and performance of business operators. In general, the behaviors and performance of managers at the macro level depend on the following groups of relationships: First, how are the behaviors and performances of managers related to the income, and the benefits are largely determined by the operators and Enterprise income property relationship. Therefore, whether operators perform their duties depends on their ownership relationship with the company’s earnings. Second, the behavior and performance of the managers are also related to the existing exchange relations and systems. By