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长江葛洲坝水利枢纽位于三峡出口,距南津关下游2.3公里处。二江泄水闸是本枢纽工程主要的泄水建筑物,共27孔,闸室长65米,宽18.5米,高40米,闸底板高程37米。基岩为粘土质粉砂岩,岩层内含有泥化夹层,层面抗剪强度很低,若不采取阻滑措施不能满足规定的抗滑安全系数1.30的要求。因此沿泥化夹层的深层滑动乃是设计中研究的主要问题之一。经反复比较,最后采用了防渗板与混凝土齿墙的综合阻滑措施,收到了较好的效果。文中论述了岩体抗力在深层抗滑稳定中,有着重要的作用。通过现场大型岩体的抗力试验和计算证明,恰当地利用岩体的抗力是合理的,有助于提高工程的安全性和经济性;对于较软弱和存在地质缺陷的岩体,可采用基桩等措施进行加固以提高安全度。本文还应用平面非线性有限单元法,计算了闸室部分基岩的位移及其应力分布;探讨了深层滑动的破坏机制和安全度。闸室的位移量主要取决于基岩的变形模量,在设计水位下,闸室的水平位移量在10毫米左右,抗滑安全度在2.0以上。根据二江泄水闸建成蓄水一年来的原型观测资料证明,实测数据与设计计算基本相符,均在允许范围以内。
The Gezhouba Water Control Project on the Yangtze River is located at the exit of the Three Gorges, 2.3 kilometers downstream from the Nanjin Pass. The Erjiang sluice is the main discharge building of the project. It has a total of 27 holes. The sluice chamber is 65 meters long, 18.5 meters wide and 40 meters high. The sluice bottom plate elevation is 37 meters. The bedrock is a clay-type siltstone, and the rock layer contains a muddy interlayer, and the shear strength of the layer is very low. If the antiskid measures are not adopted, the required anti-sliding safety factor 1.30 cannot be met. Therefore, the deep sliding along the muddy interlayer is one of the main issues in the design study. After repeated comparisons, a comprehensive anti-slippery measure of the impervious plate and the concrete tooth wall was adopted in the end, and good results were obtained. The paper discusses that rock mass resistance plays an important role in deep anti-sliding stability. Through on-site large-scale rock mass resistivity tests and calculations, it is proved that the proper use of rock mass resistance is reasonable, which helps to improve the safety and economy of the project; for weaker and geological defects, rock piles can be used as foundation piles. Other measures are reinforced to improve safety. In this paper, the plane non-linear finite element method is also used to calculate the displacement and stress distribution of bedrock part of the chamber, and the failure mechanism and safety of deep sliding are discussed. The displacement of the lock chamber mainly depends on the deformation modulus of the bedrock. Under the design water level, the horizontal displacement of the lock chamber is about 10 mm, and the anti-slip safety is above 2.0. According to the prototype observation data of the completion of the impoundment of the Erjiang River sluice for one year, the measured data are basically consistent with the design calculation and are within the allowable range.