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目的调查分析一起水痘暴发疫情的原因和特点,为集体单位水痘疫情控制总结经验和提供参考依据。方法自行设计水痘危险因素调查表,通过现场调查和电话访问等方法描述本次暴发的流行病学特征,通过回顾性队列研究探讨疫情发生的风险因素。结果此次聚集性疫情共发病16例,全部发生在该学校的小学部四年级三班,班级罹患率为29.1%(其中男生为28.1%、女生为30.4%)。病例分布在该班级的5个组中,发病有组间聚集性(P<0.05)。相对于不在学校午餐午休的人群,在校午餐午休人群水痘罹患率高,RR值为4.1(95%CI:1.0~16.8)。接种水痘疫苗人群发病率低于未接种疫苗人群(P=0.014),疫苗保护率为70.7%。结论这是一起发生在深圳市某学校的水痘聚集性疫情,主要危险因素为校内午餐午休导致水痘在该学校小学部四(3)班扩散传播。
Objective To investigate and analyze the causes and characteristics of an outbreak of chicken pox, and to provide a reference for the control of chicken pox in a collective unit. Methods A questionnaire of risk factors for chickenpox was designed. The epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak were described by on-the-spot investigation and telephone interview, and the risk factors of outbreak were explored by retrospective cohort study. Results A total of 16 cases of this cluster outbreak occurred in the fourth grade of primary school in the school. The attack rate was 29.1% (28.1% for boys and 30.4% for girls). Case distribution in the class of 5 groups, the incidence of group aggregation (P <0.05). The prevalence of chickenpox in lunch break at school lunch was 4.1 (95% CI: 1.0 to 16.8) relative to those at school lunch break. The incidence of vaccinated chickenpox vaccine was lower than that of the unvaccinated population (P = 0.014), and the vaccination rate was 70.7%. Conclusions This is a cluster of chickenpox epidemics that occurred in a school in Shenzhen. The main risk factor was the lunch break at school leading to the spread and spread of chickenpox in four (3) primary schools in the school.