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本文主要综述有关以下方面的研究:1.影响水稻雄性不育异交率的重要因素;2.若干重要花器性状的遗传变异和遗传特性;3.花器性状之间以及异交率与花器性状之间的相关;4.选育高异交不育系的途径和展望。与野生稻比较,不育系雄性不育彻底、开颖时间长,有利异交。但其柱头外露性较差、柱头较小,是异交的不利因素。此外,不育系包穗、闭颖、迟花时和开花分散等因素不利异交。影响异交的主要性状都是遗传性状。一般地说,与花器构造有关性状的遗传力较高。而与开花习性有关的性状受环境因素影响较大,遗传力较低。花器性状在稻属内存在显著的遗传差异。理想种质主要存在于野生稻种内。但在栽培稻种内也不乏优良种质。不育系异交率存在显著差异,但原因尚不清楚。花器性状(除柱头外露外)对异交率的遗传效应及其相对重要性还未有过研究报道。柱头外露率与异交率的表型正相关显著。大多数花器性状间的相关也是显著的。文章还讨论了多柱头、颖花不闭合、一天中两次开花高峰、长穗颈(eui)等四种特殊种质的发现、特性和可能利用。根据已有的研究结果,认为通过不育系花器性状,主要是雌蕊性状的改良选育高异交不育系的育种计划是可行的。
This article mainly summarizes the research on the following aspects: 1. Important factors affecting the rate of male sterile in rice; 2. Genetic variation and genetic characteristics of some important flower traits; 3. The relationship between floral traits and the rate of outcrossing and floral traits 4. The ways and prospects of breeding high heterosis sterile lines. Compared with wild rice, sterile male sterility thorough, open a long time, good for outcrossing. However, the stigma is less exposed and the stigma is smaller, which is an unfavorable factor for alienation. In addition, male sterile line including spike, close Ying, late flowering and flowering and other unfavorable factors. The main traits affecting the outcrossing are all genetic traits. In general, floral traits related to heritability have a high heritability. However, the traits related to flowering habits are greatly influenced by environmental factors and have low heritability. Floristic traits have significant genetic differences within the genus Oryza. Ideal germplasm is mainly found in wild rice species. However, there is no shortage of good germplasm in cultivated rice species. There are significant differences in the rate of male sterile line outgrowth, but the reason is not clear. Genetic effects of floral traits (except for stigma exsertion) on outcrossing rates and their relative importance have not been reported. The stigma exsertion rate was positively correlated with the phenotype of outcrossing rate. The correlation between most floral traits is also significant. The article also discussed the discovery, characteristics and possible utilization of four special germplasms including multi-stigma, non-closed spikelets, two flowering peaks in a day and eui. According to the existing research results, it is concluded that it is feasible to breed the breeding programs of high-cross-fertile CMS lines through the improvement of floral traits of the CMS lines, mainly the pistils.