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采用尼龙网袋法和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析,研究常规灌溉和污水灌溉下稻田还田麦秸的腐解特征和养分释放规律.结果显示:两种灌溉方式下,小麦秸秆还田腐解和养分释放速率随时间延长呈增加趋势,且前期快后期慢;水稻收获时麦秸腐解率达74.1%-80.7%,秸秆中氮、磷和钾释放率分别可达78.7%-84.3%、29.5%-44.8%和95.5%-97.5%;小麦秸秆腐解速度和秸秆中氮、磷、钾释放速率均表现为污水灌溉大于清水灌溉,腐解速度差异不显著,但全氮释放率仅在初始期差异显著,磷的释放率在分蘖至抽穗期差异均达到显著水平,而全钾仅在抽穗和成熟期差异显著;两种不同灌溉方式下残留秸秆的傅里叶变换红外光谱谱型类似,残留秸秆的官能团组成无显著差异,但在1 030、1 630、2 920、3 330 cm~(-1)处的吸收峰强度不同.本研究表明生活污水灌溉能明显促进秸秆腐熟及养分释放,值得推广实施.
Using nylon mesh bag method and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of wheat straw from paddy field to field under conventional irrigation and sewage irrigation were studied.The results showed that under the two irrigation modes, The rate of release of nutrients increased with time and the period of early prophase was slow. The decomposition rate of wheat straw reached 74.1% -80.7% at harvest, the release rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in straw reached 78.7% -84.3%, 29.5% -44.8% and 95.5% -97.5% respectively. The decomposition rate of wheat straw and the release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in straw showed that irrigated sewage was greater than irrigated water and the difference in decomposing speed was not significant. However, The difference was significant, and the difference of phosphorus release rate reached significant level between tillering stage and heading stage, but the difference of total potassium was only significant at heading and maturity stages. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of residual straw under two different irrigation modes was similar, There was no significant difference in the composition of functional groups of straw, but the intensity of the absorption peak was different at 1 030, 1 630, 2 920 and 3303 cm ~ (-1) .This study shows that irrigation with domestic sewage can significantly promote the maturity of straw and nutrient release, Promote the implementation.