论文部分内容阅读
目的了解某小学水痘突发公共卫生事件流行特征,分析其危险因素,为疫情防控提供进一步依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对2016年丰台区某小学一起水痘突发公共卫生事件开展调查,描述病例流行病学特征,使用单因素及多因素统计分析方法,探索疫情发生危险因素。结果该学校共计发生19例病例,波及6个班级,总体罹患率为2.58%。单因素分析显示,不同楼层(P=0.002)、年龄组(P=0.039)学生水痘罹患率差异有统计学意义;多因素分析显示,首发病例所在楼层(OR=5.676,95%CI:2.062~15.623),10~13岁组(OR=3.946,95%CI:1.482~10.511)学生的水痘罹患风险更高。接种一剂次水痘疫苗5年以下者为63人,接种二剂次者为190人,均未出现突破病例。结论现场流行病学调查有助于分析影响学校、托幼园所等集体单位学生罹患水痘的危险因素。为了有效地控制疫情,应采取接种二剂次水痘疫苗等综合性干预措施。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in a primary school and to analyze its risk factors so as to provide further basis for prevention and control of epidemic situation. Methods A field epidemiological investigation method was used to investigate the public health emergencies of chickenpox in a primary school in Fengtai District in 2016. The epidemiological characteristics of the cases were described. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to explore the risk factors of outbreaks. Results A total of 19 cases occurred in this school, affecting 6 classes and the overall attack rate was 2.58%. Univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in the incidence of chickenpox among students in different age groups (P = 0.002) and in age group (P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of chickenpox at the first floor (OR = 5.676,95% CI: 2.062 ~ 15.623). Students in the 10-13 age group (OR = 3.946, 95% CI: 1.482-10.511) had a higher risk of chickenpox. Inoculation of a dose of chickenpox vaccine for 5 years or less was 63, twice-dose vaccination for 190 people, did not appear to break the case. Conclusion The epidemiological survey in the field can help to analyze the risk factors affecting chicken pox among students in collective units such as schools and kindergartens. In order to effectively control the epidemic, comprehensive interventions such as vaccination of two doses of chickenpox should be taken.