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本文利用HS-6位数级微观贸易数据与帕式指数,测度了1993~2014年间中日稀土产品价格贸易条件,并实证检验了决定中日稀土产品价格贸易条件的主要因素。研究结果显示:第一,中日稀土产品总体价格贸易条件在总体上趋于恶化;中低端产品价格贸易条件波动较大,且总体上改善;高端产品价格贸易条件持续恶化。第二,中日稀土产品出口量、经济规模对三组价格贸易条件都有负面影响;劳动生产率、汇率对三组价格贸易条件都有促进作用;出口产品结构对总体价格贸易条件、中低端产品价格贸易条件有负面影响,对高端产品价格贸易条件有正面影响。第三,在出口管制手段违反国际规则而被禁用的情况下,中国通过环境税、资源税等国内规制手段继续控制稀土产品的出口量,引导企业完善定价机制,并继续提高稀土产品技术水平,减少对日本高技术稀土产品的依赖,有利于促进中国稀土产品价格的合理回归,增加贸易利得。
In this paper, the trade conditions of Sino-Japanese rare earth products between 1993 and 2014 were measured by using the HS-6 digit-level micro-trade data and the Pai index. The main factors that determine the trading conditions of Sino-Japanese rare earth products were empirically tested. The results show that: First, the overall price conditions of Sino-Japanese rare earth products tend to deteriorate in general; the terms of trade in middle and low-end products fluctuate greatly and generally improve; and the terms of trade in high-end products continue to deteriorate. Second, the export volume of Sino-Japanese rare earth products and economies of scale have negative impact on the three price terms of trade. Labor productivity and exchange rate have a promoting effect on the price-trading conditions of the three groups. The export product structure has a positive effect on the overall price and terms of trade, Product price trading conditions have a negative impact on the terms of high-end products prices have a positive impact on terms of trade. Thirdly, with export controls banned in violation of international rules, China continues to control the export volume of rare earth products through domestic regulatory measures such as environmental tax and resource tax, guides enterprises to improve their pricing mechanism and continues to improve the technical level of rare earth products. Reduce the dependence on Japan’s high-tech rare earth products, is conducive to promoting a reasonable return of the price of rare earth products in China, increasing trade gains.