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支气管哮喘患者,不论是外源型或内源型,都具有三大特征:1.支气管高敏反应性——对各种刺激反应增强,表现支气管平滑肌的过度收缩和腺体分泌增加以及神经反射增强;2.变化性呼吸道阻塞——患者发作时产生的呼吸道阻塞变化快;3.运动诱发哮喘——患者缓解期当运动后可以诱发。这些特征可以作为诊断支气管哮喘的标准。以上现象的病理机制分别有Ⅰ型变态反应、迷走张力增高、感染、β-受体功能低下以及血管活性物质代谢等等解释,但不能说明引起上述现象的各种原因。
Patients with bronchial asthma, either extrinsic or endogenous, have three major characteristics: 1. Bronchial hypersensitivity - increased response to various stimuli, manifested as excessive contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle and increased glandular secretion and increased reflexes ; 2. Variability of airway obstruction - changes in airway obstruction in patients with seizures change rapidly; 3. Exercise induced asthma - patients can be induced after exercise when the remission. These features can be used as a diagnostic criteria for bronchial asthma. The above pathological mechanisms are Ⅰ type allergy, increased vagal tension, infection, β-receptor dysfunction and vasoactive substances such as the interpretation of the metabolism, but can not explain the causes of the above phenomena.