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物理教学必须重视学生实验能力的培养,这既是物理学科特点所决定,也是落实素质教育的要求。而实验能力一个重要方面就是实验操作能力。近年来,我们在培养学生实验操作能力方面进行了一些探索,收到了良好的效果。 一、规范课堂演示实验,是提高学生实验操作能力的前提。演示实验具有很强的示范性。教师演示时的一举一动都将成为学生独立操作时的依据,对学生有耳濡目染的作用。我们从实验方法的设计、器材的选择、操作的顺序、观察的方法、结论的归纳等方面精心备课,并在课前反复演练,力求操作演示规范、熟练。例如,在演示用安培表测电流强度时提出操作要领:“断开电键,顺序连接;电表串联,正进负出;检查无误,通电试触;选择量程,接线读数。”这一系列的操作要求准确无误,对培养学生的动手操作技能具有十分重要的意义。
Physics teaching must pay attention to the cultivation of students’ experimental ability. This is not only determined by the characteristics of physics disciplines, but also the requirement of implementing quality education. An important aspect of experimental capabilities is the ability to experiment. In recent years, we have carried out some explorations in cultivating students’ experimental ability and received good results. I. Regulating classroom demonstration experiments is a prerequisite for improving students’ experimental ability. Demonstration experiments are very exemplary. The teacher’s every move will be the basis for the student’s independent operation, and it will have a deafening effect on the students. We carefully prepared lessons from the design of experimental methods, the selection of equipment, the sequence of operations, the methods of observation, and the induction of conclusions. We performed repeated drills before class to strive to demonstrate standardization and proficiency. For example, in the demonstration of amperometric amperometric currents, the operation essentials are presented: “Disconnect the keys, connect in order; connect the meter in series, positive and negative output; check the error, try the power on; select the measuring range, and the wiring reading.” This series of operations Accuracy requirements are of great significance to students’ hands-on skills.