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目的调查唐山市甲状腺结节的患病情况及相关危险因素,为该市甲状腺疾病的防治工作提供理论基础,以期降低甲状腺疾病在健康人群中的发病率。方法以问卷调查、体格检查、甲状腺超声检查等方法,收集6 500例2013年4月—2014年4月在唐山市工人医院检查中心进行健康检查的信息资料。分析甲状腺结节的患病情况及相关危险因素。结果健康检查人群甲状腺结节的患病率为38.2%,其中男女患病率分别为32.9%、43.8%,性别间差异有统计学意义(χ2=81.694,P<0.01),男女患病率均随着年龄增长而升高(男性趋势χ2=220.598,P<0.01;女性趋势χ2=245.187,P<0.01)。甲状腺结节患病率与工作压力、不良情绪、焦虑有关(χ2值分别为248.633、841.384、320.734,均P<0.01),并与代谢综合征相关因素体重指数、血压、血糖、血脂有关(χ2值分别为148.88、361.363、148.955、7.985,均P<0.01)。结论唐山市甲状腺结节患病率较高,性别、年龄、工作压力大、不良情绪、焦虑、超重、高血压、高血糖、血脂异常是甲状腺结节的危险因素,预防工作要改变影响甲状腺结节患病率的可控危险因素,缓解压力,避免不良情绪,控制体重,有高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常者控制血糖、血压、血脂,以期降低甲状腺结节的发病率。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors of thyroid nodules in Tangshan City and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases in this city in order to reduce the incidence of thyroid diseases in healthy people. Methods A total of 6 500 cases of medical examination in Tangshan Workers Hospital were collected from April 2013 to April 2014 with questionnaires, physical examinations and thyroid ultrasonography. Analysis of thyroid nodules prevalence and related risk factors. Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules in the health examination population was 38.2%. The prevalence rates of male and female were 32.9% and 43.8% respectively. There was a significant difference between the sexes (χ2 = 81.694, P <0.01) Increased with age (male trend χ2 = 220.598, P <0.01; female trend χ2 = 245.187, P <0.01). The prevalence of thyroid nodules was related to job stress, bad mood and anxiety (χ2 = 248.633, 841.384, 320.734, respectively, P <0.01), and was associated with BMI, blood pressure, Values were 148.88,361.363,148.955,7.985, all P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high in Tangshan City. The risk factors such as gender, age, work stress, bad mood, anxiety, overweight, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are the risk factors of thyroid nodules. The prevalence of controllable risk factors, relieve stress, avoid bad emotions, weight control, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia who control blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids, with a view to reduce the incidence of thyroid nodules.