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目的了解2001—2015年江苏省南通市通州区人狂犬病流行病学特征和发病因素,为制定针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2001—2015年通州区人狂犬病疫情资料进行统计学分析。结果近15年来通州区共发生人狂犬病32例、病死率100%,发病无明显的季节性,病例散在发生,分布在12个镇(街道)、占全区所有镇(街道)的80%,农村发病率高于城市,男性高于女性、性别比4.71∶1;年龄最小12岁、最大89岁,50岁~组最多、占31.25%;以农民为主、占总病例数的71.88%;所有病例均有明显的犬和猫暴露接触史,93.75%的病例未进行伤口处理或伤口处理不规范,90.63%未注射狂犬病疫苗,仅1例接受抗狂犬病被动免疫制剂。结论农村是狂犬病防控的重点地区,暴露后未规范处理伤口和及时接受免疫接种是发病的重要因素,必须切实加强犬只管理,大力开展狂犬病防治知识宣传,提高居民防控意识水平。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of rabies in Tongzhou District of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province from 2001 to 2015, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of rabies epidemic in Tongzhou District from 2001 to 2015. Results In the past 15 years, 32 cases of human rabies occurred in Tongzhou District with a mortality rate of 100%. There was no obvious seasonal disease. Cases occurred in 12 towns (streets), accounting for 80% of all towns (streets) The incidence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The male was higher than the female with a sex ratio of 4.71:1. The youngest was 12 years old, the oldest was 89 years old, and the oldest was 50 years old, accounting for 31.25%. The peasants accounted for 71.88% of the total cases. In all cases, there was a clear history of exposure to dogs and cats. 93.75% of cases did not undergo wound treatment or wound treatment was not standardized, 90.63% did not receive rabies vaccine, and only 1 received anti-rabies passive immunization. Conclusion The rural areas are the key areas for prevention and control of rabies. After the exposure, the wounds are not standardized and timely immunization is an important factor in the pathogenesis. We must effectively strengthen the management of dogs and vigorously promote knowledge of rabies prevention and control so as to raise residents’ awareness of prevention and control.