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儿童参与权是联合国《儿童权利公约》和我国《未成年人保护法》中明确规定的儿童四项基本权利之一。儿童参与权是指儿童参与家庭、文化和社会生活的权利。家庭是儿童生活和实现社会化的主要场所,父母被称为儿童的第一任老师。儿童依赖性和自主性并存的特点使儿童参与样态多样化,难以用一刀切的标准衡量。国际通用的哈特八阶梯理论为评价儿童参与权提供了重要理论支撑。通过将八阶梯理论简化为六个层级,从而对石家庄市的儿童参与权在家庭领域内的现状作调研分析。本次调查结果为我国儿童参与问题提出了如下两点建议。第一、当务之急仍是宣传普及儿童参与权,深化民众的认识;第二、应积极探索建立适合我国社会和文化传统的儿童参与评价机制,提高考察评价儿童参与程度的可操作性。
Children’s participation is one of the four basic rights of children as clearly set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and in the Law on the Protection of Minors in our country. Children’s participation rights refer to the rights of children to participate in family, cultural and social life. Families are the main places where children live and socialize, and parents are called children’s first teachers. The coexistence of child dependence and autonomy has diversified the patterns of participation of children and is difficult to measure with a one-size-fits-all criterion. Internationally accepted Hart eight-step theory provides an important theoretical support for the evaluation of children’s right to participation. Through the simplification of the eight-step theory to six levels, the present situation of the right of children’s participation in Shijiazhuang in the family field is investigated and analyzed. The results of this survey put forward the following two suggestions for the issue of children’s participation in our country. First, the top priority is to publicize and popularize the rights of children to participate and deepen people’s awareness. Second, we should actively explore the establishment of a mechanism for evaluating children’s participation in social and cultural traditions in China so as to improve the operability of inspection and evaluation of children’s participation.