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1988年,世界卫生大会(World Health Assembly,WHA)建议全球消灭脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)倡议行动(Global Polio Eradication Initiative,GPEI),以阻断脊灰野病毒(Wild Poliovirus,WPV)的传播;并于2012年宣布完成GPEI是项目的紧急事件。通过在<15岁儿童中监测急性弛缓性麻痹(Acute Flaccid Paralysis,AFP)病例,采集粪便标本,并在全球脊灰实验室网络(Global Polio Laboratory Network,GPLN)中,经世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)认证的实验室检测脊灰病毒(Pliovirus,PV)。另在选择的地区采集和检测污水(环境监测),作为AFP病例监测的补充。病毒学检测结果用以指导免疫活动的目标以及如何改善。利用关键的运行指标来监测国家级和省级AFP病例的监测质量,从而达到以下目的:①发现识别未能检出的发生PV流行的空白地区;②提供证据证实某地区已阻断PV流行;③可以及时发现已实现无脊灰地区发生的爆发。本报告更新了2011~2012年受脊灰影响国家的国家级/省级AFP病例监测系统运转指标、环境监测趋势,以及GPLN运转指标。
In 1988, the World Health Assembly (WHA) recommended that the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) be eliminated to stop the spread of the wild poliovirus (WPV); and Announced in 2012 to complete the GPEI is an emergency project. Stool specimens were collected from cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) in children <15 years of age and included in the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN) by the World Health Organization Organization, WHO) accredited laboratories to detect poliovirus (PV). Sewage is also collected and tested in selected areas (environmental monitoring) as a supplement to AFP case monitoring. Virological test results are used to guide the goal of immune activities and how to improve them. The use of key operational indicators to monitor the quality of surveillance of national and provincial AFP cases achieves the following objectives: 1) Identification of unrecognized gaps in the prevalence of PV; 2) Evidence that PV has been blocked in some areas; Â ’¢ can be found in a timely manner to achieve polio-free areas of the outbreak. This report updates the national / provincial AFP case monitoring system operating indicators, environmental monitoring trends and GPLN operating indicators in countries affected by polio from 2011 to 2012.