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在我国60岁以上的老年人中,高血压占40％—45％。与中青年高血压者相比,老年高血压在诊断治疗等方面具有以下十大特点。 1、脉压差大:在老年高血压中约一半是单纯收缩期高血压,且随年龄的增长,患病率明显增高,尤其75岁以上发病率最高。其收缩压明显升高,而舒张压正常或偏低,造成脉压差增大。这是因为老年人多有动脉硬化,血管弹性降低;心脏收缩时,左心室的血液进入弹性低的主动脉,主动脉不能充分膨胀,骤增的血容量得不到缓冲,导致收缩期血压增高;舒张压是由被扩张的动脉的弹性回缩力来保持的,老年人的血管扩张力和回缩力均下降,因而舒张压有下降的趋势,导致脉压差增大。脉压差大,预示发生脑卒中和心脏病的机会增多,尤其是气压变化大的秋末冬初,更容易发生意外。
Among the elderly over 60 in our country, hypertension accounts for 40% -45%. Compared with middle-aged and young people with hypertension, senile hypertension has the following ten features in diagnosis and treatment. 1, pulse pressure difference: About half of the elderly hypertension is isolated systolic hypertension, and with age, the prevalence was significantly higher, especially in the highest incidence of 75 years of age or more. The systolic blood pressure increased significantly, while diastolic blood pressure normal or low, resulting in increased pulse pressure difference. This is because the elderly more atherosclerosis, decreased blood vessel elasticity; systolic heart, left ventricular blood into the low elasticity of the aorta, the aorta can not be fully expanded, sudden increase in blood volume can not be buffered, leading to systolic blood pressure Diastolic pressure is maintained by the elastic retraction force of the dilated arteries. The vasodilatation and contractility of the elderly are decreased, and the diastolic pressure tends to decrease, resulting in an increase of the pulse pressure difference. Large pulse pressure, indicating an increase in the chance of stroke and heart disease, especially in the late autumn and winter of large pressure changes, more prone to accidents.