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在异质性企业分析框架下,通过引入连续的内生企业技术升级,本文建立了一个分析出口贸易方式影响企业技术升级的理论模型,理论分析表明相比于一般贸易出口方式,对加工贸易出口方式的选择并不利于企业的技术升级。进一步利用2000~2006年的中国企业微观数据,通过系统GMM估计方法,本文还实证考察了出口贸易方式选择对中国企业技术升级的影响,结果发现中国加工贸易出口企业的技术升级程度要显著低于一般贸易出口企业的技术升级程度,而随着企业加工贸易出口程度的提高,企业的技术升级程度也会随之降低。同时,跨地区和跨不同所有制类型的分析表明,出口贸易方式选择仅对我国东部沿海地区企业的技术升级以及外资企业的技术升级存在显著影响。本文的研究从企业技术升级角度为重新认识加工贸易的发展提供了新的视角。
Under the framework of heterogeneous enterprise analysis, this paper establishes a theoretical model to analyze the influence of export trade on enterprise technology upgrading through the introduction of continuous technological upgrading of endogenous enterprises. Theoretical analysis shows that compared with the general trade exportation, the export of processing trade The choice of methods is not conducive to technological upgrading of enterprises. By further utilizing the micro-data of Chinese enterprises from 2000 to 2006 and systematically estimating the GMM, this paper also empirically examines the impact of the choice of export trade on the technological upgrading of Chinese enterprises. The results show that the technological upgrading of China’s export-oriented processing enterprises is significantly lower than General trade export enterprises to upgrade the degree of technology, and as enterprises increase the export of processing trade, the degree of technological upgrading of enterprises will also be reduced. At the same time, the analysis of trans-regional and cross-ownership types shows that the choice of export trade only has a significant impact on the technological upgrading of enterprises in the eastern coastal areas of China and the technological upgrading of foreign-funded enterprises. The research of this paper provides a new perspective to the new understanding of the development of processing trade from the perspective of enterprise technology upgrading.