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测土配方施肥行动已在全国范围内开展,其实施效果还有待评估,而生命周期分析有助于系统地评估其实施的直接与间接环境效益.因此,本研究以山东省聊城市2006—2010年冬小麦的测土配方施肥项目为例,对冬小麦施肥生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放进行清单分析,并以常规施肥区为参照对象评估测土配方施肥项目的环境净效益.结果表明,测土配方施肥通过化肥减量使用和合理搭配,提高了单产,显著减少了冬小麦生命周期资源消耗与污染物排放量,其富营养化、环境酸化的减缓效益和节能效益分别相当于2000年世界人均影响潜力的6.90%、1.38%和0.89%.环境效益年际间总体上呈下降趋势,表明测土配方施肥项目起到了一定的示范推广作用,常规施肥区农户对氮肥的使用趋于理性,但磷肥投入尚有减量潜力,是继续改善项目实施效益的关键.
Soil testing and fertilizer application has been carried out nationwide and its implementation effect has yet to be evaluated, and life-cycle analysis can help to systematically evaluate the direct and indirect environmental benefits of its implementation.Therefore, this study takes Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, 2006-2010 The annual soil fertilization project of annual winter wheat was taken as an example to carry out the inventory analysis of the resource consumption and pollutant discharge of winter wheat fertilization and to evaluate the net environmental benefits of soil testing and fertilization project using the conventional fertilization area as reference.Results show that soil testing The formula fertilization reduces the resource consumption and pollutant discharge of winter wheat significantly through the reduction and rational use of fertilizers, and reduces the resource consumption and pollutant emissions of winter wheat significantly. The mitigation benefits and energy-saving benefits of eutrophication and environmental acidification are equivalent to those of the world average per capita in 2000 Potential of 6.90%, 1.38% and 0.89% .In general, the environmental benefits showed a declining trend from year to year, which indicated that the project of soil testing and formulated fertilization played a role of demonstration and popularization. Farmers in conventional fertilization areas tended to use nitrogen fertilizer more rationally, There is still potential for reduction in investment, which is the key to continue to improve the efficiency of project implementation.