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了解马铃薯根际土壤中芽胞杆菌种类多样性,可为挖掘芽胞杆菌新资源提供基础。从新疆伊犁州9个地点采集了30份马铃薯根际土壤样品,采用可培养法从中分离芽胞杆菌,通过16S rRNA基因同源性鉴定了分离菌株的分类地位。共获得芽胞杆菌349株,基于菌落形态特征和16S rRNA基因序列确定了66个代表菌株,其中14株与近缘种模式菌株的16S rRNA基因序列相似性介于93.0–98.5%之间,为潜在芽胞杆菌新种。349株芽胞杆菌属于9属66种,分别为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)的41个种(41/66,62.1%),为最优势属;类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)有9种(9/66,13.6%),赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属(Lysinibacillus)共6种(6/66,9.1%),嗜冷芽胞杆菌属(Pscychrobacillus)共4种(4/66,6.1%),虚构芽胞杆菌属(Fictibacillus)有2种(2/66,3.0%),短芽胞杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、大洋芽胞杆菌属(Oceanobacillus)、鲁梅尔芽胞杆菌属(Rummelibacillus)和解硫胺素芽胞杆菌属(Aneurinibacillus)皆为1种。新疆9个地点马铃薯根际土壤中芽胞杆菌含量为2.20–8.86×104 cfu/g,其中特克斯蒙古乡马铃薯根际土壤中芽胞杆菌的菌落含量和种类最多,分别为8.86×104 cfu/g和37种;尼勒克县马场马铃薯根际土壤中的芽胞杆菌含量最少,特克斯去昭苏路上和阜康西沟村的芽胞杆菌种类最少,仅9种。但每个地点的优势种均相同,均为简单芽胞杆菌(Bacillus simplex)和阿氏芽胞杆菌(B.aryabhattai)。芽胞杆菌种类可划分为高频度分布型(简单芽胞杆菌等4种)、中频度分布型(植物内生芽胞杆菌等12种)和低频度分布型(其余51种芽胞杆菌,如蕈状芽胞杆菌)。新疆9个地点芽胞杆菌种类分布可分为高含量高丰度型(特克斯蒙古乡和农技推广园)和低含量低丰度型(如尼勒克县马场等地)。相关性分析发现,马铃薯根际芽胞杆菌种类分布与海拔高度无显著相关性。新疆马铃薯根际土壤蕴含种类丰富的芽胞杆菌资源,可为芽胞杆菌功能菌株开发提供丰富的菌种来源。
Understanding the diversity of Bacillus species in the rhizosphere soil of potato can provide the basis for the new bacillus spawning resources. Thirty potato rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 9 sites in Ili Prefecture, Xinjiang. Bacillus was isolated from the cultivated potato by culturable method. The 16S rRNA gene homology was used to identify the taxonomic status of the isolated strains. A total of 349 strains of Bacillus were obtained. Based on the morphological characteristics of the colonies and 16S rRNA gene sequences, 66 representative strains were identified. Among them, 14 strains showed similarity to 16S rRNA gene sequences of the closely related species strains, ranging from 93.0% to 98.5% Bacillus new species. The 349 strains of Bacillus belong to 9 genera and 66 species, which are 41 species (41/66, 62.1%) of Bacillus, which is the most dominant species. There are 9 species of Paenibacillus (9/66 , 13.6%), 6 species (6/66, 9.1%) of Lysinibacillus, 4 species (4 / 66,6.1%) of Pscychrobacillus, (2 / 66,3.0%) of Fictibacillus, Brevibacillus, Oceanobacillus, Rummelibacillus and Aneurinibacillus, All are 1 species. The content of Bacillus in rhizosphere soil of 9 locations in Xinjiang was 2.20-8.86 × 104 cfu / g, of which Bacillus was the most abundant in the potato rhizosphere soils in Turks and Mounds, 8.86 × 104 cfu / g And 37 species. The content of Bacillus was the lowest in rhizosphere soil of horse racecourse in Nilka County, while the species of Bacillus in Turks-Zhaosu Road and Fukang Xigou Village was the least, only 9 species. However, the dominant species was the same at each locus, and both were Bacillus simplex and B.aryabhattai. Bacillus species can be divided into high-frequency distribution (Bacillus simple four other types), the frequency distribution (endophytic Bacillus 12 kinds) and low frequency distribution (the remaining 51 kinds of Bacillus, such as mushroom Bacillus). Bacillus species distribution in 9 locations in Xinjiang can be divided into high-abundance and high-abundance type (Teixei Mongolia Township and Agricultural Technology Extension Park) and low abundance and low abundance type (such as Nilka County Racecourse). Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the distribution of Bacillus rhizobacteria and altitude. The rhizosphere soil of Xinjiang contains a rich variety of Bacillus resources, which can provide a rich source of bacteria for the development of Bacillus functional strains.