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目的研究湖沼型血吸虫病流行区控制家畜传染源对垸外感染性钉螺的控制效果,为制定防治策略及干预措施提供参考。方法在湖南、湖北省3个典型的湖沼型地区选取15个乡镇21个血吸虫病流行村,调查家畜传染源控制前后垸外钉螺感染状况及其控制效果,应用logistic逐步回归法分析钉螺阳性率与相关影响因素的关系。结果 2009-2011年累计调查564户家畜4077头次、垸外钉螺面积10 624.51 hm2、有螺洲滩野粪污染14处130.73 hm2,结果显示,钉螺阳性率与家畜感染率(r=0.832,P<0.01)及野粪阳性率(r=0.903,P<0.01)有高度相关关系。采取家畜传染源控制措施后,家畜、钉螺和野粪感染(阳性)率分别下降了74.90%、92.42%和84.51%。结论结合当地经济发展,因地制宜地采取以家畜传染源控制为主的综合性防治措施,对控制垸外感染性钉螺具有重要作用。
Objective To study the control effect of livestock sources on the infection of snails outside the embankment in the endemic area of lakes and swamp schistosomiasis so as to provide references for the development of prevention and cure strategies and interventions. Methods Twenty-one endemic villages of schistosomiasis in 15 townships were selected from 3 typical lakes and marshes in Hunan and Hubei Provinces to investigate the status of infection and control of snails before and after the control of livestock sources. Logistic stepwise regression was used to analyze the positive rate of snails Relevant influencing factors. Results From 2009 to 2011, a total of 4077 livestock were surveyed in 564 domestic animals, with an area of 10 624.51 hm2 on the outside of the embankment and 130.73 hm2 on 14 sites of wild snails on the Lohai Plateau. The positive rate of snail and infection rate of livestock (r = 0.832, P <0.01) and the positive rate of stool (r = 0.903, P <0.01). After adopting the control measures of livestock sources of infection, the positive rates of domestic animals, snails and wild feces decreased by 74.90%, 92.42% and 84.51% respectively. Conclusion Combined with the local economic development, the comprehensive prevention and control measures based on the control of livestock sources of infection are taken in accordance with local conditions, which plays an important role in controlling the infection of snails outside the embankment.