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[目的]研究云南曲靖市马龙县不同类型植烟土壤与烟叶产量、品质之间的关系。[方法]在云南省曲靖市马龙县8个乡镇避雨采集土壤样品357个。同时,在对应采集土样的田块,采用定等级、定叶位取样法取烟叶样品1套,分析土壤、烟叶中的化学成分。[结果]在烟株移栽后30～90 d,水稻土烟株的农艺性状指标明显优于红壤土、紫色土。与紫色土、红壤相比,水稻土烟叶总氮、烟碱含量较高,总糖与还原糖含量明显偏低;从烘烤后烟叶的糖碱比、氮碱比分析,紫色土中生产的烟叶更接近于优质烟叶,就不同土壤类型而言,紫色土>红壤>水稻土;3种土壤类型烟叶中,叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、咖啡单宁类多酚均以紫色土含量最高,红壤次之,水稻土最低;其他类胡萝卜素类、黄酮类多酚、芸香苷含量的大小顺序为红壤>紫色土>水稻土,其评吸结果为紫色土>红壤>水稻土。[结论]在烤烟生产上,要争取高产优质,应根据区域土壤类型确定其施肥量。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the relationship between yield and quality of different types of tobacco planting soil and quality in Malong County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. [Method] A total of 357 soil samples were collected from 8 townships in Malong County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. At the same time, in the field corresponding to the soil samples collected, a set of samples of tobacco leaves were taken with the fixed grade and the fixed leaf sampling method to analyze the chemical composition in soil and tobacco. [Result] The agronomic traits of tobacco plants were significantly better than that of red loam soil and purple soil 30-90 d after transplanting. Compared with purple soil and red soil, the content of total nitrogen and nicotine in the paddy soil was higher, and the content of total sugar and reducing sugar was obviously lower. From the ratio of sugar to base, Tobacco leaf is more similar to high-quality tobacco leaf, purple soil> red soil> paddy soil for different types of soil; lutein, β-carotene and coffee tannin polyphenols have the highest purple soil content among the three soil types , Followed by red soil and paddy soil were the lowest. The contents of other carotenoids, flavonoids polyphenols and rutin were in the order of red soil> purple soil> paddy soil, and purple soil> red soil> paddy soil. [Conclusion] In the flue-cured tobacco production, we must strive for high yield and quality, and should determine the amount of fertilizer according to the regional soil types.