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转铁蛋白受体 2(transferrin receptor 2,TfR2)是一种新近发现的铁转运和铁稳态调节蛋白,在基因结构、蛋白结构、与转铁蛋白(Tf)结合和铁摄取方面与转铁蛋白受体 1(transferrin receptor 1,TfR1)具有相似性,但在mRNA表达的组织分布和调节方面有很大的差异。TfR2 mRNA不具有3’-端未翻译区的铁效应元件(Iron Responsive Element,IRE)结构,其表达水平不受细胞内铁状况的调节,在肝细胞、红系前体细胞、K562细胞和HepG2细胞高水平表达。TfR2的突变可导致遗传性血色病Ⅲ的发生。TfR2可能在铁转运、铁代谢调节、肝脏功能和红系细胞分化发育方面具有十分重要的作用,可能是红系前体细胞的一种分子标志。现综述TfR2基因和蛋白的结构特点、mRNA的表达和调控,及其可能的生物学功能。
Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) is a newly discovered iron transport and iron homeostasis regulator that is involved in gene transfer, protein structure, binding to iron transferrin (Tf) and iron uptake The protein receptor 1 (TfR1) has similarities, but there are great differences in the tissue distribution and regulation of mRNA expression. TfR2 mRNA does not have the Iron Responsive Element (IRE) structure in the 3’-untranslated region and its expression level is not regulated by intracellular iron status. TfR2 mRNA is expressed in hepatocytes, erythroid precursors, K562 cells and HepG2 High-level expression of cells. Mutations in TfR2 can lead to the development of hereditary hemochromatosis III. TfR2 may play a very important role in the regulation of iron transport, iron metabolism, liver function and erythroid differentiation and may be a molecular marker of erythroid precursor cells. The structural features of TfR2 gene and protein, the expression and regulation of TfR2 gene and its possible biological functions are summarized.