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松材线虫病是一种涉及多个生物因子的复杂病害系统,其病原松材线虫的生活史受媒介昆虫、寄主、树栖真菌和伴生细菌等多种因素影响。利用感染松材线虫病的马尾松林内的两种优势内栖真菌的3个菌株,松球壳孢(Sphaeropsis sapinea)E11、MHS7.3和小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)M32,接种于松褐天牛模拟蛹室,研究松褐天牛蛹期和羽化过程松材线虫种群动态,以及松褐天牛携带扩散型松材线虫的动态变化。结果表明,天牛发育处于蛹期时,松材线虫主要以扩散型三龄幼虫(JⅢ)附着于天牛体表;发育至羽化期时,松材线虫主要以扩散型四龄幼虫(JⅣ)位于天牛体内。不同优势内栖真菌接种处理下,松褐天牛携带的扩散型幼虫数量的大小顺序为:小孢拟盘多毛孢M32>松球壳孢E11>松球壳孢MHS7.3,这与模拟蛹室中松材线虫种群的大小顺序是一致的,表明松褐天牛携带的线虫数目与蛹室中线虫种群的大小关系密切。在松褐天牛携带的JⅢ、JⅣ和扩散型幼虫(JⅢ+JⅣ)占线虫种群比例方面,松球壳孢E11和MHS7.3均大于小孢拟盘多毛孢M32,显示不适宜繁殖的真菌能促进群体内更多个体转化为扩散型虫态。JⅣ在蛹期的第二天即从天牛体内分离得到,但数量极少,随着JⅢ在羽化前达到最大值,JⅣ也开始大量出现,预示着较大JⅢ种群数量可能是JⅣ大量发生的基础条件之一。研究结果表明在松材线虫的扩散过程中,松林优势树栖真菌对媒介天牛携带的松材线虫数量产生显著影响。
Pine wilt disease is a complicated disease system involving multiple biological factors. The life cycle of the diseased pine wood nematode is affected by many factors such as vector insects, host, arboreal fungi and associated bacteria. Three strains of two predominant endophytic fungi in the Pinus massoniana forest infected with pine wood nematode, Sphaeropsis sapinea E11, MHS7.3, and Pestalotiopsis microspora M32 were inoculated into Monochamus alternatus simulated the pupal chamber to study the population dynamics of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus at the pupa stage and eclosion of Monochamus alternatus and the dynamic changes of Monochamus alternatus. The results showed that during the pupa stage, the pine wood nematode was mainly attached to the body surface of the dioecious bull’s body with diffuse third instar larvae (J Ⅲ). At the developmental stage, the pine wood nematode mainly distributed in the diffuse fourth instar larvae (J Ⅳ) In the body of cattle. Under the different advantages of inophilic fungal inoculation, the order of the number of diffusing larvae carried by M. alternatus was as follows: M32> Msp> E11> MHS7.3, The size order of the population of pine wood nematode was consistent, indicating that the number of nematodes carried by the brown crab was closely related to the size of the nematode population in the pupa. In the proportion of JIII, JIV and diffusoid larvae (JⅢ + JⅣ) carried by Monochamus alternatus in Nematode population, Ellosporidium parvum E11 and MHS7.3 were larger than that of Mirosinus sp. M32, indicating unfit breeding fungi Can promote more individuals within the group into a proliferation of insect status. JⅣ was isolated from the dioecious in the second day after pupal stage, but its number was extremely small. JⅣ began to appear in large numbers as J Ⅲ peaked before eclosion, which indicated that the larger J Ⅲ population might occur in large quantities One of the basic conditions. The results showed that during the dispersal of pine wood nematode, the dominant tree species of pine wood had a significant effect on the number of pine wood nematode carried by the media.