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作业场所职业危害风险评估受人、机、环境和管理等多方面因素的影响,而这些方面的各个指标之间的不相容性常被以往的研究所忽视或者未得到很好解决。选用多级物元分析方法,建立能描述各影响因素之间相互关系的数学模型,对作业场所职业危害的风险进行了较为全面的评价。针对作业场所职业危害的现状及特点,从人、机、环境和管理方面人手,系统地分析了作业场所职业危害程度的诸多影响因素,形成了风险评估体系,建立了作业场所风险评估的物元模型。运用此模型对某轧钢企业作业场所的职业危害进行风险评估,结果表明,该企业作业场所风险等级为第2级,属于一般危害程度,其评估结果与该企业实际的状况相符合。实例证明,该模型适用于作业场所职业危害的风险评估。
Occupational hazard risk assessment at workplaces is influenced by many factors such as people, machine, environment and management. The incompatibility among the indicators in these fields is often neglected or not well solved by previous researches. The method of multistage matter-element analysis is used to establish a mathematical model that can describe the interrelationship among various influencing factors. The mathematical model of occupational hazards in workplaces is more comprehensively evaluated. According to the status quo and characteristics of occupational hazards in workplaces, this paper systematically analyzes many influencing factors of occupational hazards in workplaces from the aspects of manpower, machine, environment and management, forms a risk assessment system, and establishes a matter-of-risk model. This model is used to evaluate the occupational hazards of work site in a steel rolling mill. The results show that the risk level of work site in this steel rolling mill is Level 2, which belongs to the general hazard degree, and its assessment results are consistent with the actual situation of the enterprise. The example proves that the model is suitable for the risk assessment of occupational hazards in workplace.