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过去几十年,运用心理学实验和社会调查等方法研究纠纷解决在美国逐渐升温,而本文即是对相关研究的较为详细的综述。首先,研究发现,公正性等因素构成影响程序正义评价的内部因素,信息和文化等外部因素也会对程序正义的评价产生影响。其次,研究证实了很多纠纷是因为当事人的各种心理不满所引起,而道歉等行为会减少这些纠纷。最后,实证研究证明,自我服务偏见等心理现象会对调解产生负面影响,但调解第三方账户和律师会在一定程序上克制这些心理偏见,促进纠纷的解决。
Over the past few decades, the use of psychological experiments and social surveys and other methods to study dispute resolution in the United States gradually warming, and this article is a more detailed review of the relevant research. First, the study found that fairness and other factors constitute the internal factors that affect the evaluation of procedural justice. External factors such as information and culture also affect the evaluation of procedural justice. Second, the study confirms that many disputes are caused by various psychological grievances of the parties, and apology and other acts will reduce these disputes. Finally, empirical research proves that psychological phenomena such as self-service bias will have a negative impact on mediation, but mediating third-party accounts and lawyers will, in a certain procedure, restrain these psychological prejudices and promote the resolution of disputes.