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以广西(G)、江苏(S)和日本(J)3个文蛤群体中原种红壳文蛤进行双列杂交,获得了试验家系(Gg、Ss、Gs、Gj、Sg、Sj),比较其生长性能,并评估杂种优势。从生长来看,浮游期杂交组的日生长率大于自繁组;以江苏文蛤为母本的组合的壳长均显著大于以广西文蛤为母本的组合(P<0.05),壳长受卵源影响极显著(P<0.01)。稚贝和幼贝期,杂交组的日生长率均大于自繁组,杂交组合Gs的日生长率从13日龄至149日龄均最大;交配方式对壳长极显著影响(P<0.01)。从存活率来看,杂交组的存活优势更明显,Gs的存活率几乎均最高。从杂种优势来看,杂交组从13日龄以后具明显的杂种优势,尤其是Gs在1—149日龄均呈正值。广西群体和江苏群体间建立了完全2×2双列杂交,中亲杂种优势一直大于0,且始终介于单亲杂种优势HGs和HSg之间。杂种优势潜力指数(hp)表明,1—5日龄的数值介于–1和1之间,未产生杂种衰退;13日龄后的数值均大于1,表明真正获得了杂种优势。杂种获得(hg)及13日龄后的超亲优势率均为正值,进一步说明壳长性状得到了明显改良。从壳色来看,子代的红壳个体占比为72.80%—76.49%,均得到明显提高。总之,杂交组合Gs的杂种优势最明显,为开展3个群体的杂交育种提供了参考依据。
The experimental lines (Gg, Ss, Gs, Gj, Sg, Sj) were obtained by double-row crosses between the three species of clam in Guangxi (G), Jiangsu (S) and Japan (J) Performance, and assess heterosis. From the growth point of view, the daily growth rate of the planktonic crosses was greater than that of the self-propagating group. The shell length of the combinations of the Chinese clams was significantly greater than that of the Chinese clams (P <0.05) The source effect was significant (P <0.01). The daily growth rate of juvenile and juvenile hybrids was higher than that of self-propagated hybrids, and the daily growth rate of hybrids was the highest from 13 days to 149 days of age. The mating type had a significant effect on the shell length (P <0.01) . From the survival point of view, the hybrid group survival advantage is more obvious, Gs almost the highest survival rate. From the heterosis point of view, hybrids from the 13th day after the obvious heterosis, especially Gs in the 1-149 day old were positive. A complete 2 × 2 diallel cross was established between Guangxi and Jiangsu populations, and the heterosis of the mid-relatives was always greater than 0, always between single-parent heterosis HGs and HSg. The heterosis potential index (hp) showed that values of 1-5 days old were between -1 and 1, no hybrid recession occurred, and values after 13 days old were all greater than 1, indicating that true heterosis was obtained. Hybrid access (hg) and 13-day-old super-dominance rates were positive, further demonstrating that shell length traits have been significantly improved. From the shell color point of view, the offspring of red shell individuals accounted for 72.80% -76.49%, have been significantly improved. In conclusion, the heterosis of Gs was the most obvious, which provided a reference for carrying out the crossbreeding of three populations.