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在作物栽培系统中,衡量一个方案的优劣,传统的方法主要是以产量目标为标准,很少考虑其他目标。然而作物栽培是一个复杂的生产系统,评价系统中某一方案的优劣,要考虑的目标不止一个,而是多个,产量仅是其中的重要目标之一。从整体上看,我们选择一个好的栽培方案,希望达到净产值最大,产量最高,可靠性最好,适应性最广,经济效益最大,生态效益最佳。但这些目标之间存在相互影响,相互制约的密切关系,有时还会发生矛盾,所以,同时达到所有目标的最优是不可能的,这就给作物栽培方案的决策带来困难。
In crop cultivation systems, the strengths and weaknesses of a program are measured. The traditional method is mainly based on yield goals and seldom considers other goals. However, crop cultivation is a complex production system. To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a certain program in the system, more than one goal should be considered, and only one of the important objectives is output. On the whole, we choose a good cultivation plan, hoping to achieve the largest net output, the highest yield, the best reliability, the most adaptable, the most economic benefits, the best ecological benefits. However, there are mutual relations and mutual restraint between these goals, and conflicts sometimes occur. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve the optimum of all the objectives at the same time, which makes it difficult to make decisions on crop cultivation programs.