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氧气是维持生命不可缺少的气体,但必须注意高浓度氧气长期吸入引起的呼吸系统损害。70%O_2应用一周,100%O_2应用3天左右可见胸骨下疼痛与咳嗽,进而出现呼吸困难,特别在高压下吸氧更为显著。而且100%O_2连续吸入24小时左右时PaO_2降低。O_2使支气管粘膜的分泌受到抑制,同时使有杀菌作用的肺泡巨噬细胞的活动减弱加之O_2引起组织学的变化,造成顺应性降低、VD/VT增加、分流率增加、肺活量降低、肺弥散能力降低而招致呼吸机能不全。氧中毒的病理学表现有两期,首先为渗出期,此期可见肺毛细血管充血,肺泡内渗出,肺泡内出血及纤维渗出;肺泡壁、呼吸细支气管形成玻璃样膜。进一步表现为增殖期,此期可见肺泡与间质水肿,纤维细胞增殖与肺泡管壁细胞
Oxygen is an essential gas for life, but attention must be paid to respiratory damage caused by prolonged inhalation of high concentrations of oxygen. 70% O_2 application for a week, 100% O_2 application about 3 days can be seen under the sternum pain and cough, and then breathing difficulties, especially under high pressure oxygen absorption more significant. And PaO 2 decreased when 100% O 2 was continuously inhaled for 24 hours. O_2 inhibited the secretion of bronchial mucosa, while the activity of bactericidal alveolar macrophages combined with O_2 cause histological changes, resulting in decreased compliance, VD / VT increased, increased shunt rate, reduced lung capacity, pulmonary diffusivity Reduce and lead to respiratory insufficiency. The pathological manifestations of oxygen poisoning have two phases, the first period of exudation, this period of visible pulmonary capillary congestion, alveolar exudate, alveolar hemorrhage and fiber exudation; alveolar wall, respiratory bronchiolar membrane formation. Further showed that the proliferative phase, this period visible alveolar and interstitial edema, fibroblast proliferation and alveolar wall cells