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目的了解洪涝灾害后影响农村分散式供水饮用适宜性的危险因素,为建立适宜本地区应急状况下的饮水评估体系提供一定的依据。方法于2010年8月15—25日,随机采集强降雨后的都江堰市龙池分散式供水水样130件,检测色度、浑浊度、pH、铁、锰、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、氨氮、硝酸盐9项指标。采用基于因子分析定权的属性识别模型对水样的饮用适宜性等级进行评价,应用农村分散式供水饮用适宜性标准进行综合评价,并对不宜饮用的水样进行单因子评价。结果综合评价达到基本适宜饮用级别以上的水样36件(27.69%)、一般不宜饮用及以下的水样有94件(72.31%),其中不宜饮用及以下的水样中,权重值较高的浑浊度、菌落总数和总大肠菌群的评价结果大部分都在不宜饮用等级,总大肠菌群项在单因子评价中等级最低。结论洪涝灾害后都江堰市农村分散式供水受到广泛污染,以微生物污染最为严重;水质饮用适宜性分级评价技术能够从整体上合理并客观地反映洪涝灾后农村分散式供水的饮用适宜性,有助于对应急状况下饮用水卫生进行科学决策并制定相关评估体系。
Objective To understand the risk factors affecting the drinking suitability of rural distributed water supply after floods and provide some evidences for establishing a drinking water assessment system suitable for emergency situations in the region. Methods From August 15 to August 25, 2010, 130 samples of Longchi distributed water supply were collected randomly from Dujiangyan City. The color, turbidity, pH, iron, manganese, total colony, total coliforms, Ammonia nitrogen, nitrate 9 indicators. Adopting the attribute identification model based on factor analysis, this paper evaluates the drinking suitability of water samples, applies the rural decentralized drinking water drinking suitability criteria to conduct a comprehensive evaluation, and evaluates the unfit drinkable water samples by single factor. Results There were 36 water samples (27.69%) with the comprehensive evaluation above basic drinking level, 94 (72.31%) water samples generally not suitable for drinking and below, among which, Most of the results of turbidity, total number of colonies and total coliforms were unfit for drinking, and the total coliforms count was the lowest in single factor evaluation. Conclusion Distributed water supply in rural areas of Dujiangyan is widely polluted and microbial contamination is the most serious after flood disasters. Appropriate grading evaluation of drinking water quality can reasonably and objectively reflect the drinking suitability of decentralized water supply in rural areas after flooding, Conduct scientific decision-making on drinking water hygiene and formulate relevant assessment system under emergency situations.