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[目的]评价企业变配电场所工作人员的工频电场和磁场暴露情况及其对神经行为功能和健康状况的影响。[方法]使用HI-3604低频电磁场测量仪对18家公司工频作业场所电场强度和磁场强度进行测量。采用WHO推荐的神经行为功能核心测试组合(NCTB)对105名暴露组和110名对照组人员进行神经行为功能测试,使用问卷对两组人员的神经系统方面的不适症状进行调查,并对两组人员进行白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞数(LYMPH)、中性粒细胞数(NEUT)、单核细胞数(MONO)、嗜酸粒细胞数(EO)、嗜碱粒细胞数(BASO)、红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白量(HGB)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板数(PLT)、IgA、IgG、IgM测定。[结果]220kV变电站电场强度明显高于35kV配电间,差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);但二者磁场强度的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在情绪情感方面,暴露组的紧张、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳及慌乱得分均高于对照组(P<0.05),而暴露组的有力分值低于对照组(P<0.05);暴露组视觉保留记忆分值明显低于对照组(P<0.05),正确打点数和总打点数得分均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。在神经系统不适症状方面,暴露组的头痛、头晕、失眠、多梦、记忆力减退等症状的发生情况明显高于对照组(P<0.01);暴露组LYMPH高于对照组,而MCHC低于对照组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IgG、IgM、IgA浓度均值在暴露组和对照组中的差别均未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]工频电场可能对工人的神经行为功能造成一定影响,长期接触可能造成工人的神经系统不适症状和血液系统的轻微改变,但尚不能肯定工频电场对作业人员免疫系统造成影响。
[Objective] To evaluate the frequency electric field and magnetic field exposure and its effect on the neurobehavioral function and health status of workers in the distribution substation. [Method] HI-3604 low-frequency electromagnetic field measuring instrument was used to measure the electric field strength and magnetic field intensity of 18 companies’ working frequency workplaces. Neurobehavioral functional core testing (NCTB) was used to test the neurobehavioral function of 105 exposed and 110 control subjects. The questionnaire was used to investigate the neurological symptoms in both groups. The number of WBC, LYMPH, NEUT, MONO, BAS, EOS, RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, IgA, IgG and IgM were measured. [Result] The electric field intensity of 220kV substation was obviously higher than that of 35kV substation. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the magnetic field intensity between the two substations (P> 0.05). In emotion and emotion, the scores of tension, depression, anger, fatigue and panic in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05), while those in the exposed group were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05) Memory score was significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05), the correct number of RBI and the total number of points were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.01). In the nervous system, the incidence of headache, dizziness, insomnia, dreaminess and memory loss in the exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01); LYMPH in the exposed group was higher than that in the control group, while the MCHC in the exposed group was lower than that in the control group Group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean of IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations in the exposed group and the control group (P> 0.05). [Conclusion] The power frequency electric field may affect the neurobehavioral function of workers. Long-term exposure may result in minor neurological discomfort and minor changes in the blood system. However, it is not yet certain that the commercial frequency electric field will affect the immune system of workers.