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由于各国历史条件不同,欧美各国和日本的港口管理体制也有很大的差异。作为港口管理当局的港务局,既有其特点,又有其共性,现分别简介如下: 港口管理形态 欧美国家的管理形态大体上有三种。 1.国家管理。分两种形式,一种是国家设置机构进行直接管理,如法国的塞尔布尔港和加拿大的霍克斯伯里港;另一种是国家设置类似国营公司的组织进行管理,如英国的南安普敦港,法国的马赛港。加拿大的蒙特利尔港。 2.由地方公共团体管理。又分三类:其一由地方公共团体设置机构直接管理,如英国的普雷斯顿港,荷兰的鹿特丹港,比利时的安特卫普港,德国的不来梅
Due to the different historical conditions in various countries, there are great differences in the port management system between Europe and the United States and Japan. As a port authority, the Port Authority has its own characteristics and commonalities. The briefings are as follows: Port Management Form There are basically three types of management in the United States and Europe. National management There are two forms, one is the direct management of the state-setting institutions, such as the port of Serb in France and the port of Hawkesbury in Canada. The other is that the state administers the organization of a similar state-owned company such as South of England Port of Ampudia, France. Port of Montreal, Canada. 2.Managed by local public bodies. It is divided into three categories: one is directly managed by local public bodies such as Preston Harbor in Britain, Port of Rotterdam in Holland, Antwerp Harbor in Belgium, Bremen in Germany