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随着抗生素的发展,例如青霉素、氯霉素的应用,儿童患细菌性脑膜炎的死亡率已下降到10%以下,然而患者有后遗症的比例还甚大。肺炎链球菌是成年人引起脑膜炎的主要原因,但在美国的儿童脑膜炎患者中,主要病原菌是流感嗜血杆菌b型。1974年首次报道了氨苄青霉素对流感嗜血杆菌b型脑膜炎有耐药性后,此种脑膜炎病例增加了10～30%;而氯霉素由于其毒副作用,仅在儿童细菌性脑膜炎的最初治疗中应用过。氨噻三嗪头孢菌素是一个7-氨基头孢烷酸的衍生物,在抗脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌b型等儿童脑膜炎病
With the development of antibiotics such as penicillin and chloramphenicol, the mortality rate of bacterial meningitis in children has dropped below 10%. However, the proportion of patients with sequelae is still very large. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of meningitis in adults, but in children with meningitis in the United States, the major pathogen is Haemophilus influenzae type b. Ampicillin was first reported to be resistant to Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in 1974, and this meningitis increased by 10 to 30%. Chloramphenicol, however, was only found in children with bacterial meningitis Used in the initial treatment. Aminothiazine cephalosporin is a derivative of 7-amino cephalosporanic acid in Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b and other children with meningitis