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“待渡”是古代诗画中的常见主题,在文学领域中具有行旅孤艰、桃源理想、君子处世、贤士待召以及佛教之“度”等不同意涵。本文以“待渡”在诗词文学中的复杂意涵为出发点,探讨历代待渡图在表现内容与思想内涵等方面的不同之处。董源的《夏景山口待渡图》和传为关仝的《山溪待渡图》确立了待渡图的基本模式,自此之后,历代待渡图都基本沿用了二人的图式。其中一类属于行旅图,是旅人行旅生活的真实写照,另一类则描绘文人日常出行的闲适场景。与此相比,钱选的待渡图更突出“等待”这一时间过程。结合钱选所作《浮玉山居图》与《幽居图》可发现,他的《秋江待渡图》和《烟江待渡图》与其他画家的不同之处在于,明确表现了逃离现实的隐居愿望,并具有寻找精神安顿之处与自我解脱的意味。这些待渡图喻示了钱选在宋元易代时的心境与抉择,是其遗民心态的反映,因此具有深刻的精神意义。
“To be transferred ” is a common theme in ancient poetry and painting. In the field of literature, it has different connotations such as solitary despair, ideals of Taoyuan, life of a gentleman, call of the Magi and Buddhism. This article starts with the complex meaning of “Waiting to Be Transferred” in poetry and literature, and discusses the differences between the content and the connotation of content in the history of Waiting for Doping. Dong Yuan’s “Summer King Shankuang crossing map” and the pass is the same as the “mountain stream waiting for the transition map” established the basic pattern of waiting to be transferred, since then, the dynasties to be crossing the map are basically follow the two schemata. One of them belongs to the travel map, which is a true portrayal of traveler’s travel life while the other depicts a leisurely scene in which the literati travels daily. Compared with this, the money to be transferred to chart more prominent “waiting ” this time process. Combined with Qian Xuan’s “Floating Yushan Habitat Map” and “Living Gallery”, we can see that his difference between “Qiutao Wautu” and “Yanjiang Wautu” is different from other painters in that they clearly show that they flee from the reality Seclusion desire, and has the spirit of finding a place to settle with the meaning of self-liberation. These plans to be transferred to Tang dynasty illustrate the state of mind and choices of money when the Song and Yuan Dynasties were easy to replace. They are the reflection of the mentality of its descendants and therefore have profound spiritual significance.