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Background An epidemiologic link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and abnormal glycometabolism had been established.This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of type 2 diabetesellitus and insulin resistance,and to explore the relation between insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus genotype,serum hepatitis C virus-RNA level in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients.Methods Three hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients (CHC,n=296;chronic hepatitis B (CHB),n=63) were evaluated.HCV genotyping was performed by restriction fragment method and serum hepatitis C virus-RNA quantified PCR for all CHC patients in the baseline serum.Fasting levels of insulin and glucose were measured in all patients and the homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance was calculated in the baseline serum.Results Type 2 diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 15.5% of 296 CHC patients.Insulin resistance was present in 23.8% of the 235 nondiabetic CHC patients,in 23.1% of the 182 nondiabetic and noncirrhotic CHC patients,and associated with high serum HCV RNA level (OR: 1.754;95% CI:1.207-2.548,P=0.003) and age ＞40 years (OR.3.542;95% CI:1.257-9.978,P=0.017).Insulin resistance was less frequent in CHB than in matched CHC (7.9% vs.21.4%respectively,P ＜0.0001).Conclusion The incidence of insulin resistance in CHC was significantly higher than that in CHB patients,associated with high serum HCV RNA level and age ＞40 years.