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汉语中有两种体现了文化背景性的构式,一是文化意象构式,二是规约隐喻的推衍构式。因为突破了语法和语义的一般规则,同时又带有汉语历时发展的印记,长期以来,常常被视为语言中的特异性结构。要么列入修辞语句,要么就成了所谓“国情语义学”的研究对象。我们认为,超常或文化特色并非这两种构式作为语言现象的最重要特征。在功能主义语言观下,它们的认知策略和语义构建方式,跟规约结构、常规结构并没有什么本质的抵牾,同样反映了意义和知识、经验(主观经验和客观经验)、文化对应的关系。超常搭配之所以没有在语言学研究中得到应有的对待,跟语言特异性研究转移了人们的视线,忽略了各语言形式之间的同一性关系有关。
There are two kinds of constructions in Chinese that embody the cultural background: one is the cultural image structure, and the other is the derivative structure of the statute metaphor. Because of breaking through the grammar and semantics of the general rules, but also with the diachronic development of Chinese mark, has long been often regarded as the language of the specific structure. Either included in rhetorical sentences, or become the so-called “national semantics ” research object. We believe that extraordinary or cultural features are not the two most important features of linguistic phenomena. Under the linguistic view of functionalism, their cognitive strategies and semantic constructions are not intrinsically contradictory to the statutory structure and the conventional structure. They also reflect the relationship between meaning and knowledge, experience (subjective experience and objective experience), and cultural correspondence . The reason why extraordinary collocation has not got the proper treatment in linguistic research, and the study of linguistic specificity has shifted people’s attention and neglected the relationship of identity between different linguistic forms.