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针对东北地区土壤侵蚀加剧,土壤有机质含量和土壤氮储量偏低,增产潜力下降等问题,采用培肥定位试验研究化肥和有机肥配施对土壤有机质和氮磷钾养分及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,化肥配合适量干牛粪施用对土壤的改良作用,优于化肥配合等养分含量的秸秆粉碎还田。相对不施肥的对照,0~20 cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾都显著增加,差异达到0.05显著水平。有机无机配施对20~40 cm深土壤质量改善作用有限。与单施无机肥处理相比,有机无机肥配合施用可增产14.51%~33.03%,差异达到0.05显著水平。施入过多的有机肥料会使短时期内土壤有机质及速效养分增加的比率降低,本研究建议针对重度侵蚀黑土(破皮黄黑土)的改良,干牛粪的施用量应为3.75 t hm-2,玉米秸秆的施入量应为当年生产量的50%左右。
In order to solve the problems such as aggravation of soil erosion, soil organic matter content and soil nitrogen reserve in northeastern China, and the potential of increasing yield, the effects of fertilizers and manure on soil organic matter and NPK and maize yield were studied. The results showed that the improvement effect of fertilizers with appropriate amount of dry cow manure on soil was better than that of straw with straw and chemical fertilizer. Compared with no fertilization, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer increased significantly, reaching a significant level of 0.05. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil quality improvement in 20 ~ 40 cm depth was limited. Compared with the single application of inorganic fertilizers, organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase yield by 14.51% ~ 33.03% with the difference reaching 0.05 significant level. Applying too much organic fertilizer will reduce the rate of increase of soil organic matter and available nutrients in a short period of time. This study suggests that for the improvement of heavily eroded black soil (broken yellow-black soil), the amount of dry cow dung should be 3.75 t hm-2 , The amount of corn stalks applied should be about 50% of the annual production.