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领导活动的过程包括两个方面的工作,即例行工作和例外工怍。所谓例行工作,也叫常规工怍,就是处理那些一而再、再而三,反复出现的问题;例外工作,也叫非常规工作,就是处理那些例外的,偶然发生的或预料可能发生的特殊情况或问题。对例行工作的管理活动称例行管理,对例外工作的管理活动称例外管理。例行工作的特点是:(1)反复性。例如农业上的春种、夏管、秋收、冬储,工业上的同一产品的供、产、销等,这些工作循环往复,周而复始。(2)大量性。这些数量众多的例行工作贯穿着生产活动的始终,因此也就充斥着管理活动的整个
The process of leading activities includes two aspects: routine work and exceptional work. The so-called routine work, also called routine work, is to deal with those recurring problems which are repeated again and again. Exceptional work, also known as unconventional work, is to deal with those exceptional, accidental or anticipated problems Special circumstances or problems. The management activities of routine work are called routine management and the management activities of exceptional work are called exceptional management. Routine work is characterized by: (1) Repeatability. Such as agricultural spring, summer management, autumn harvest, winter storage, industrial products for the same product, production, marketing, etc., these work cycle, cycle again and again. (2) a lot of sex. These large number of routine work runs through the production activities, and therefore is full of management activities throughout