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除传统危险因素外，目前认为大气污染，尤其是颗粒物污染与心血管疾病的发病和死亡有紧密联系。大气颗粒物可以通过介导炎症反应、氧化应激反应及自主神经功能失调，引起亚临床动脉粥样硬化标志物———颈动脉内膜中层厚度的增加，从而增加心血管疾病的发生率。现通过总结颗粒物与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的相关性及可能的病理生理学机制，提出了应对策略。未来的研究应侧重于大气污染较严重的发展中国家，将污染物的暴露更个体化，结局指标的测量更精确化，并发掘更多可能存在的混杂因素。“,”Addition to traditional risk factors,nowadays air pollutants especially particulate are consid-ered to be closely related to the occurrence and death of cardiovascular disease .Particulate can lead to the increase of carotid-media thickness—a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis—by inflammation , oxidative stress and autonomic nerve dysfunction,thereby raising the incidence of cardiovascular disease.By summari-zing the correlation between the particulate and subclinical atherosclerosis and the possible pathophysiological mechanisms,here puts forward the countermeasures.In the future,more researches should be conducted in developing countries,where air pollution problems are serious,to make more specific pollution exposure and more accurate measurement of outcome indicators,as well as discover other confounding factors.