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以包钢尾矿坝下风向一定区域土壤为研究对象,采用距离梯度取样法调查了土壤因子对大型土壤动物群落的影响。研究显示:研究区大型土壤动物优势类群是蜘蛛目、蚁科和步甲科。不同样线土壤动物丰富度指数差异显著,而类群数、总密度以及Shannon-Wiener指数差异不显著;同一样线不同距离处土壤动物总密度、类群、多样性指数和丰富度指数差异显著,不同样线和距离处大型土壤动物的优势类群不同,主要土壤动物类群在同一样线不同距离处密度差异显著。土壤有机质、全氮、pH以及土壤稀土含量均影响大型土壤动物群落特征,不同样地受各土壤因子影响程度有所不同。距尾矿坝较近样地与土壤稀土含量关系密切,较远样地与土壤酸碱度关系密切。
Taking the soil in a certain area downwind of Baotou Steel tailings dam as the research object, the influence of soil factors on the soil macrofauna community was investigated by distance gradient sampling method. The research shows that the dominant groups of soil macro-animals are arachnids, ants and beetles. The difference of abundance index of soil animal in different sample plots was significant, while the number of taxa, total density and Shannon-Wiener index were not significant. The total soil macrofauna density, taxon, diversity index and richness index were significantly different at different distances The dominant groups of macrofauna at the same line and distance are different, and the density of the major soil fauna at different distances along the same line is significantly different. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, pH and soil rare earth content all affected the characteristics of soil macrofauna community. The soil samples were affected by different soil factors in different sites. The samples from the tailings dam are closely related to the rare earth content of the soil. The farther the sample is closely related to the soil pH.