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目的掌握某煤矿尘肺患病情况,为下一步尘肺防制提供科学依据。方法整理分析某煤矿工人的健康检查资料,统计分析尘肺患者发病年龄、接尘工龄、肺功能损伤以及工种分布和矿厂分布等情况。结果该煤矿217例尘肺患者,平均发病年龄为52.53岁,平均接尘工龄为19.50 a;主要分布在铅坑矿、曲斗矿和含春矿,共174例(80.18%)。发病工种以采煤工和掘进工为主,共193例(88.89%)。发病年代集中分布在2000—2011年,共131例(60.37%)。106名患者有肺功能损伤,其中以轻度损伤为主,有99例;矽肺较煤工尘肺患者更易损伤肺功能,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.035,P<0.01)。结论该矿尘肺患病较严重,今后重点防制工种为掘进工和采煤工,重点防制矿区为铅坑矿、曲斗矿和含春矿。
Objective To grasp the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in a coal mine and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of pneumoconiosis in the next step. Methods The health checkup data of a coal miners were collected and analyzed. The age of patients with pneumoconiosis, the age of dust collection, the impairment of lung function, the distribution of work types and the distribution of mines were statistically analyzed. Results The 217 patients with pneumoconiosis had an average age of 52.53 years old and an average dusting age of 19.50 years. There were 174 cases (80.18%) of them were found in lead mine, tributary mine and spring mine. There were 193 cases (88.89%) of the workers who suffered from the disease, mainly coal miners and diggers. The age of onset concentrated in 2000-2011, a total of 131 cases (60.37%). 106 patients had lung function injury, of which mild injury was the main one, 99 cases; silicosis more likely to damage lung function than coal workers with pneumoconiosis, the difference between the two was statistically significant (χ2 = 36.035, P <0.01). Conclusion The pneumoconiosis of the mine is more serious. In the future, the key prevention and control workers are diggers and coal miners. The key prevention and control mining areas are lead pit mines, mud mines and spring mines.