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改革开放三十多年来,我国国内生产总值和财政收入逐年增加,人民生活明显改善,综合国力显著增强。但在经济发展取得巨大成就的同时,消费作为拉动经济增长的三大动力之一,贡献作用却在逐年减小。国际金融危机充分暴露出我国发展方式存在的严重弊端,在内需不足的情况下,外需全面受阻,而拉动消费的重点和难点又在农村。农村作为一个潜力巨大的消费市场,集中了我国数量最多、潜力最大的消费群体,是我国经济增长最可靠、最持久的动力源泉。同样的,贵州省农村人口占全省人口五分之四以上,消费总支出却连全省四分之一都未达到,解决贵州省农民消费水平低的问题也成为我省经济崛起的希望所在,因此研究扩大贵州农村居民消费的财政政策具有重要意义。本文基于这个出发点,对贵州农民消费存在的问题以及解决路径进行论证,试图从财政支农和消费补贴着手,以贵州农村居民的消费需求作为主要研究对象,分析贵州财政支农和消费性补贴对我国农村居民消费的具体影响机理,研究这些政策在施行中存在的不足之处,进而为政策实施提供参考。
Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, China’s GDP and fiscal revenue have been increasing year by year. People’s living standards have been significantly improved and their overall national strength has significantly increased. However, while great achievements have been made in economic development, consumption, as one of the three major driving forces for economic growth, has been decreasing year by year. The international financial crisis has fully exposed the serious shortcomings in the development mode of our country. In the case of insufficient domestic demand, external demands are fully hindered, and the key and difficult driving point of consumption is in rural areas. As a huge potential consumer market in rural areas, the concentration of the largest and most prosperous consumer groups in our country is the most reliable and enduring source of power for our country’s economic growth. Similarly, the rural population in Guizhou Province accounts for more than four fifths of the province’s population while the total expenditure on consumption is less than one-fourth of the province’s population. It is also the hope of solving the problem of the low level of peasants’ consumption in Guizhou Province Therefore, it is of great significance to study the fiscal policy of rural residents in Guizhou. Based on this starting point, this article argues the existing problems of farmers’ consumption in Guizhou and their solutions, attempts to start from the financial support for agriculture and consumer subsidies, and takes the consumption demand of rural residents in Guizhou as the main research object, analyzes the relationship between Guizhou’s fiscal support for agriculture and consumer subsidies The specific impact mechanism of rural residents’ consumption in our country, the insufficiency of these policies in the implementation and the reference of policy implementation.