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发育性运动协调障碍(developmental coordination disorder,DCD),是指一种主要累及儿童运动协调能力的发育障碍性疾病。定义以及临床表现变异性大,发生率多报道在5%～6%左右;病因可能与脑组织发育的一系列轻微变异、早产、围生期缺氧和易感性基因有关;发病机制主要与皮层的“自处理缺陷学说”和“运动内部模式的缺陷”有关,前者主要指运动的自处理困难,皮层对运动的自动处理过程缺陷导致。即DCD的发病机制与运动形成有关,皮层形成运动过程的模式出现问题;后者认为DCD主要与运动后期的调节有关,即皮层对运动的修饰、调节障碍导致。同时缺乏有效的治疗方法,是发病率高,影响儿童学业和成就的儿童期常见病,需要临床进一步深入研究。
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) refers to a disorder of developmental disorder that primarily affects children’s motor coordination. Definition and clinical manifestations of variability, the incidence of more than reported in about 5% to 6%; etiology may be a series of slight changes in brain tissue development, premature birth, perinatal hypoxia and susceptibility genes; pathogenesis and cortex “The theory of handling defects ” and “defects in the internal pattern of movement ”, the former mainly refers to the movement of the self-handling difficulties, the cortex caused by the automatic processing of sports defects. Namely, the pathogenesis of DCD is related to the formation of movement, and the pattern of cortical movement process appears to be problematic. The latter considers that DCD is mainly related to the regulation of late movement, that is, the modification of cortical motion and the adjustment disorder. At the same time, the lack of effective treatment is a common childhood disease with high incidence and impact on children’s academic and achievements, and further clinical studies are needed.