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建立新的管理秩序在过去的几十年间,对公共行政机构运转的不满一直是许多国家共有的现象。特别是对许多国营企业经营不佳和缺乏责任心的状况更表示关注。政策制定者已经用各种方法对这种状况作出反应。首先,采用新的组织形式、管理体制、激励机制和金融控制机制,以提高公营企业实现其有效目标的能力。正如利特查尔德所说:这些改革规划的有限成就也是与理性选择、市场和非市场失效、产权、契约承包、董事会与股东关系等当代经济理论的发展是相联系的,这些理论说明了为什么国营企业的无效率状态。
Establishing a new management order In the past few decades, dissatisfaction with the operation of public administration has always been common to many countries. In particular, it is even more concerned about the poor management and lack of accountability of many state-owned enterprises. Policymakers have responded in various ways to this situation. First, adopt new forms of organization, management structures, incentives and financial control mechanisms to enhance the ability of public enterprises to achieve their effective objectives. As Lithalder put it: The limited achievements of these reforms are also linked to the development of contemporary economic theories such as rational choice, market and non-market failures, property rights, contractual commitments, board of directors and shareholder relations, Why state-owned enterprises are inefficient.