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目的通过分析二硫化碳(CS2)接触对作业工人血常规各指标的影响,提出职业健康监护行动水平的建议。方法收集某化纤厂2004—2011年间工作场所空气中CS2浓度或作业工人个体接触CS2浓度的检测资料,并对3 423名接触CS2的作业工人血常规指标的检查结果进行统计分析。结果作业工人接触CS2的8h时间加权平均浓度为0.2~41.0mg/m3,几何均数为2.38mg/m3。其中1 752名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为0.2~2.5mg/m3(≤2.5mg/m3为A组);638名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为2.6~4.8mg/m3(>2.5mg/m3并≤5mg/m3为B组);1 033名作业工人接触CS2的浓度为5.1~41.0mg/m3(>5mg/m3为C组)。男性红细胞异常率C组高于A、B两组,血红蛋白异常率随CS2浓度的增高而增高,红细胞和血红蛋白异常率在A、C两组之间及B、C两组之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);女性血常规各指标异常率随CS2浓度的变化无明显规律,各浓度组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);≤25岁年龄段血红蛋白异常率随CS2浓度的增高而增高,且在A、C两组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);≤5a工龄段红细胞和血红蛋白异常率均随CS2浓度的升高而升高,且红细胞异常率A、C两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血红蛋白异常率A、C两组及B、C两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论建议在对CS2作业工人进行职业健康监护时,执行CS2浓度为2.5mg/m3的行动水平。
Objective To analyze the influence of carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure on blood routine indexes of working workers, and to put forward the suggestion on the level of occupational health monitoring. Methods The data of concentration of CS2 in workplace air and individual exposure to CS2 concentration in a chemical fiber factory from 2004 to 2011 were collected and the results of blood routine examination of 3 423 workers exposed to CS2 were statistically analyzed. Results The weighted average concentration of 8h time exposure workers exposed to CS2 was 0.2 ~ 41.0mg / m3, the geometric mean was 2.38mg / m3. Of which 1 752 workers exposed to CS2 had a concentration of 0.2-2.5 mg / m3 (≤ 2.5 mg / m3 for group A); 638 workers exposed to CS2 had a concentration of 2.6-4.8 mg / m3 (> 2.5 mg / m3 and ≤5mg / m3 for group B). The concentration of 1 033 workers exposed to CS2 was 5.1 ~ 41.0mg / m3 (> 5mg / m3 for group C). The abnormal rate of erythrocyte in group C was higher than that in group A and B, the abnormal rate of hemoglobin increased with the increase of CS2 concentration, the difference of erythrocyte and hemoglobin between groups A and C and between groups B and C (P <0.05 or P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of each index of blood among women with different concentrations of CS2. There was no significant difference between each concentration group (P> 0.05) The anomaly rate of hemoglobin increased with the increase of CS2 concentration, and there was a significant difference between A and C groups (P <0.01). The anomalous rate of erythrocyte and hemoglobin of ≤5a was increased with the increase of CS2 concentration (P <0.01). There were significant differences in hemoglobin abnormalities between groups A and C and groups B and C (P <0.01). Conclusions It is recommended that an action level of 2.5 mg / m3 of CS2 should be implemented during occupational health monitoring of CS2 workers.